DIT | Cisco Software System & Hierarchical model

January 13, 2023
CISCO HIERARCHICAL
1.1   # CISCO NETWORK SOFTARE SYSTEM

CISCO IOS : The first IOS was written by William Yeagar in 1986 and it enabled next worked application. The system is a package of routing, switching, internetworking, and telecommunications functions integrated into a multitasking operating system. It runs on most cisco catalyst switch as well as ever – increasing number of cisco router. These are some important things that the cisco router IOS software is responsible for

  1. Carrying network protocols and functions.
  2. Connecting high-speed traffic between devices.
  3. Provide network service and allow you to configure a device.
  4. CLI interprets the commands you to enter and perform operation n provide the desired output.

IOS XR : It is a release train of Cisco Systems' widely deployed Internetwork Operating System, used on their high-end Network Convergence System and carrier-grade routers such as the ASR 9000 series and Carrier Routing System series of routers. And IOS XR7 is an advanced network OS that can help improve network security. A tamper-resistant, self-check process begins before the CPU is allowed to boot and offers significant protections against compromises to the hardware and firmware. IOS XR7 guards against malicious actors and exploitation bugs through an advanced signing technology and multiple runtime defenses, including Integrated Measurement Architecture (IMA). IOS XR software is responsible for

  1. Focuses on the needs of service providers.
  2. Designed for the dynamic network usage requirements of services.
  3. Flexible programmability for dynamic reconfiguration

IOS XE : It is a release train of Cisco Systems' widely deployed Internetworking Operating System, introduced with the ASR 1000 series. It's an open and flexible operating system optimized for the future of work and helps to protect against modern cyberattacks. IOS XE is a combination of a Linux kernel and a monolithic application (IOSd) that runs on top of this kernel. IOS XR software is responsible for

  1. Supports next-generation platforms
  2. Runs as a single daemon within a modern Linux operating system
  3. Separates the data plane and control plane
  4. Improved services integration

NX OS : It is a network operating system for the Nexus-series Ethernet switches and MDS-series Fibre Channel storage area network switches made by Cisco Systems. It evolved from the Cisco operating system SAN-OS, originally developed for its MDS switches. NX-OS Software is an extensible, open, and programmable network operating system for next-generation data centers and cloud networks. It is based on a highly resilient, Linux-based software architecture and has been carefully built to ensure performance, security, and reliability in the most demanding data center environments. NX-OS software is responsible for

  1. Open, modular and programmable for an agile data center infrastructure.
  2. Optimized for both physical and virtual data center deployments.
  3. Highly reliable continuous system operation, optimizing uptime.


1.2   # CISCO HIERARCHICAL LAYER-3 MODEL

One of the greatest functions of the cisco application is to assist in data transfer between disparate hosts meaning. These are three different layer of cisco model is dividing backbone, routing and switching. The first layer defines “How to apply the application within host”. The second layer defines “How to routing within the router”. And the third layer defines “How to switch routing end – to – end station”.

1) The core layer is responsible for transporting large amount of traffic both reliably and quickly. It doesn’t support workgroup access here.
2) The Distributed layer is sometimes referred to as a workgroup layer to provide routing, filtering and WAN access and to determine how packet can access the core.
3) The access layer is control to user and workgroup access to internetwork resources and it is sometime to as a desktop layer.


1.3   # HOW TO UPGRADE THE CISCO IOS IN L2 & L3 SWITCHES ?
Requirement : -
  1. Download the updated ios image from Cisco officially site of confirm network device.
  2. Download the tftp server from tftp64.jounin.net/ for uploading.
  3. Configure the IP address(192.168.1.10) on tftp server.
Configuration :-
Switch #show flash:
Directory of flash: /
1 -rw- 3058348 c2950-i3434d32-mx………..
Switch #copy tftp: flash:
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.11
Source filename []? C2950-i3434d32-mx8………..
Destination filename [C2950-i3434d32-mx8………..]
Loading C2950-i3434d32-mx8……….. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[Ok 3117990 bytes]
Switch #reload
Proceed with reload? [Confirm]
Switch #boot system C2950-i3434d32-mx8……….. (Enter)
Switch #reload


1.4   # HOW TO BACKUP THE CISCO IOS IN L2 & L3 SWITCHES ?
Requirement :-
  1. Download the tftp server from tftp64.jounin.net/ for uploading
  2. Configure the IP address(192.168.1.10) on tftp server.
Configuration :-
Switch #copy running-config tftp:
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.10
Destination filename [switch-confg]?
Writing running-config……….. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[OK - 987 bytes]
987 bytes copied in 3.01 secs (0 bytes/sec)
Switch #
Restore the configuration:
Switch #copy tftp: running-config
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.10
Source filename []? switch-confg
Destination filename [running-config]?
Accessing tftp://192.168.1.10/ switch-confg
Loading switch-confg from 192.168.1.10: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Switch #


1.5   # HOW TO RESTORE THE CONFIGURATION AFTER SWITCH FAILURE IN L2 & L3 SWITCHES ?
Requirement :-
  1. Download the tftp server from tftp64.jounin.net/ for uploading.
  2. Configure the IP address(192.168.1.10) on tftp server.
Configuration :-
Switch #config t
Switch (config) #interface vlan 10
Switch (config-if) #ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
Switch (config-if) #no shutdown
Switch (config-if) #exit
Switch (config) # exit
Switch #copy tftp: running-config
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.10
Source filename []? switch-confg
Destination filename [running-config]?
Accessing tftp://192.168.1.10/ switch-confg
Loading switch-confg from 192.168.1.10: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Switch #


1.6   # THERE ARE THREE MODES IN CISCO SWITCH AND ROUTER HAVE MENTIONED BELOW
SWITCH/ROUTER >   (User mode)
SWITCH/ROUTER#Config terminal    (Privileged mode)
SWITCH/ROUTER(config)#   (Global mode)
NEXT | Switch Concept

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